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| | @node Getting Started
@chapter Getting Started
Welcome to the O programming language! This chapter will introduce you to the
basics of the language's syntax. We'll cover variables, data types, operators,
control flow, and functions.
By the end of this chapter, you'll have a solid foundation in the O language
syntax and be ready to start writing your own programs. Let's dive in!
@section An olang program
An O programmin language program starts with a @code{main} function. This
function must return the program exit code.
@verbatim
fn main(): u8 {
return 0;
}
@end verbatim
To compile the program you can use @code{olc}.
@verbatim
$ olc my_prog.ol -o my_prog
$ ./my_prog
@end verbatim
@section Functions
Unlike C, O language does not require function prototypes. This means you can
call a function before it's defined, making your code more flexible and easier
to read in many cases.
@verbatim
fn main(): u8 {
return fib(8)
}
fn add(a: u32, b: u32): u32 {
return a + b
}
fn fib(n: u32): u32 {
if n <= 2 {
return n
}
return add(fib(n - 1), fib(n - 2))
}
@end verbatim
@section Comments
Comments starts with a @code{#}.
@verbatim
# Hi I'm a comment and I'll be ignored by the compiler.
@end verbatim
@section Variables
@verbatim
var answer: u32 = 42
@end verbatim
@section Flow control
Any non zero expr is true.
@verbatim
if expr {
# statement
} else {
# statement
}
@end verbatim
@section Primitive data types
@table @samp
@item u8
Unsigned 8 bits.
@item u16
Unsigned 16 bits.
@item u32
Unsigned 32 bits.
@item u64
Unsigned 64 bits.
@end table
@section Binary Operations
Binary operations are pretty much like C.
@subsection Logical
@table @samp
@item Equals
@verbatim
expr1 == expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) or one (true).
@item Less
@verbatim
expr1 < expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) or one (true).
@item Less Equal
@verbatim
expr1 <= expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) or one (true).
@item Greater
@verbatim
expr1 > expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) or one (true).
@item Greater Equal
@verbatim
expr1 >= expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) or one (true).
@item Or
@verbatim
expr1 || expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) if both are true or one (true) if any is true.
@item And
@verbatim
expr1 && expr2
@end verbatim
Results zero (false) if any is false or one (true) if both are true.
@end table
@subsection Bitwise
@table @samp
@item Shift left
@verbatim
n << bits
@end verbatim
@item Shift left
@verbatim
n >> bits
@end verbatim
@item And
@verbatim
n & bits
@end verbatim
@item Or
@verbatim
n | bits
@end verbatim
@end table
@subsection Arithmetic
@table @samp
@item Addition
@verbatim
expr1 + expr2
@end verbatim
@item Subtraction
@verbatim
expr1 - expr2
@end verbatim
@item Multiplication
@verbatim
expr1 * expr2
@end verbatim
@item Division
@verbatim
expr1 / expr2
@end verbatim
@item Remaining
@verbatim
expr1 % expr2
@end verbatim
@end table
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